The Urartu State (840 - 580 BC) came into existence in the early 13th Century BC around Lake Van.  The majority of the population was of Hurrian (Khurrite) origin. The Urartus mixed with other tribal nations and formed the Urartu nation. Some sources refer to the Urartus as ancestors of the Armenians. The Urartu people are called the people from “Ararat” in the Torah.

The Urartus lived in a network of principalities and tribal kingdoms for about 400 years. The state consisted of eight principalities with at least 51 cities and around 60 tribal rulers.

Faced with pressure and attacks from the neighboring Hittite and Assyrian kingdoms, the Urartu principalities joined forces and formed a tight union.  

The Urartu principalities became a state with a powerful central authority during the rule of King Sardur (840 – 830 BC). He also constructed the Van Castle after he defeated the Assyrians in 832 BC. This castle was located at the heart of the capital, Tushpa.

During the reign of King Ishpuiris, son and successor of Sardur, the Assyrian assaults diminished and peace was restored. In this period, the first manuscripts in the Urartu language were written, the borders of the state were expanded, and the holy city of Musasir, one of the most important sites in the Near East, was conquered without bloodshed. Following his conquests, King Ishpuiris declared himself as an equal to the Assyrian King.

The Urartu State, however, did not become a regional power until the reign of King Menua (810 – 786 BC), son of King Ishpuiris. Urartu manuscripts praise King Menua for his military and political exploits and prowess, as well as for his efforts to develop the state and make it prosperous...

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